How to Perform a Breast Self-Exam (and Why It’s Important) 

Author: Egbodo Peter

Many women don’t think about breast health until they have a reason to. But the truth is, knowing your own body can be life-saving. A breast self-exam is a simple way to stay aware of any changes in your breasts, and while it doesn’t replace medical check-ups, it can help detect problems early. 

Why Breast Self-Exams Matter 

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women worldwide. While mammograms are an essential screening tool, they aren’t always recommended for younger women with dense breast tissue. This is where self-exams come in—knowing what’s normal for your body can help you spot any unusual changes early. 

When to Do a Breast Self-Exam 

The best time to check your breasts is a few days after your period ends. Hormonal changes during your cycle can cause swelling and tenderness, making it harder to notice abnormalities. If you don’t have periods, choose a set day each month to do your exam. 

How to Perform a Breast Self-Exam 

Step 1: Look in the Mirror 

Stand in front of a mirror with your shoulders straight and arms on your hips. Observe your breasts, checking for: 

• Unusual swelling or size differences 

• Dimpling, puckering, or changes in skin texture 

• Changes in nipple shape or position 

• Any redness, rash, or discharge 

Now, raise your arms and check again. Look for the same signs from a different angle. 

Step 2: Feel Your Breasts While Standing 

Many women prefer to do this in the shower when the skin is slippery. Using the pads of your three middle fingers, press firmly on your breast in a circular motion, covering the entire area from your collarbone to the bra line and from your armpit to the middle of your chest. 

Check for: 

• Any lumps, thickening, or knots 

• Areas that feel different from the rest of the breast 

• Tenderness in a specific spot 

Read More: 6 Ways To Reduce Your Risk For Cancer

Step 3: Feel Your Breasts While Lying Down 

Lie down on your back and place one arm behind your head. Use your opposite hand to examine your breast in the same circular motion. This position spreads out the breast tissue, making it easier to feel any abnormalities. Repeat on the other side. 

Step 4: Check Your Nipples 

Gently squeeze each nipple to check for any discharge, including blood or clear fluid. While occasional discharge can be normal, any unexpected fluid should be checked by a doctor. 

What to Do If You Notice a Change 

Finding a lump or change doesn’t automatically mean cancer. Many lumps are benign (non-cancerous) and could be caused by cysts or hormonal shifts. However, it’s always best to see a doctor if you notice: 

• A new lump that doesn’t go away 

• Persistent pain in one breast 

• Skin changes like redness or dimpling 

• Nipple changes, including sudden inversion or discharge 

Making Breast Self-Exams a Habit 

Checking your breasts regularly can help you feel more confident about your health. The more familiar you are with how they normally look and feel, the easier it will be to recognize when something isn’t right. 

While self-exams are useful, they should be combined with routine medical check-ups, clinical breast exams, and mammograms when recommended. Early detection saves lives, and taking a few minutes each month to check in with your body is a simple but powerful way to protect your health. 

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