Pain During Sex: Common Causes & Solution

Author: Egbodo Peter

Pain during sex, also known as dyspareunia, is a common yet often overlooked issue that affects both men and women. It can lead to frustration, anxiety, and even relationship strain if left unaddressed. While many people hesitate to talk about it, understanding the causes and finding the right solutions can help restore intimacy and improve sexual well-being. 

Common Causes of Pain During Sex 

1. Lack of Lubrication 

Insufficient natural lubrication can make sex painful. This may be due to: 

• Hormonal changes (such as menopause, postpartum, or breastfeeding)

• Medications (including birth control pills, antihistamines, and antidepressants)

• Dehydration or not enough foreplay

2. Vaginal Dryness & Menopause 

During menopause, estrogen levels drop, leading to vaginal dryness and thinning of the vaginal walls (vaginal atrophy). This makes penetration uncomfortable and can cause microtears. 

3. Infections & STIs 

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) like chlamydia, gonorrhea, or herpes can cause pain and irritation during sex. Other infections like yeast infections and bacterial vaginosis can also contribute to discomfort. 

4. Vaginismus (Involuntary Muscle Tightening) 

Vaginismus is a condition where the vaginal muscles involuntarily tighten, making penetration painful or even impossible. It can be caused by: 

• Anxiety about sex

• Past trauma or sexual abuse

• Underlying medical conditions

5. Endometriosis & Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) 

Endometriosis, a condition where uterine-like tissue grows outside the uterus, can cause deep pelvic pain during sex. PID, an infection of the female reproductive organs, also leads to painful intercourse. 

Read More: Painful intercourse (dyspareunia) – Symptoms and causes

6. Fibroids & Ovarian Cysts 

Large fibroids or ovarian cysts can create pressure and discomfort during intercourse, especially if they press against surrounding organs. 

7. Allergies & Reactions 

Some people may have allergic reactions to: 

• Latex condoms

• Certain lubricants or spermicides

• Soaps, perfumes, or intimate hygiene products

8. Psychological & Emotional Factors 

Sexual pain isn’t always physical. Stress, past trauma, depression, and relationship issues can cause the body to tense up, leading to discomfort during intimacy. 

Solutions for Pain During Sex 

1. Use Lubrication 

A high-quality, water-based or silicone-based lubricant can reduce friction and prevent dryness. Avoid lubricants with alcohol, fragrance, or glycerin, as they can cause irritation. 

2. Try Hormonal Therapy 

For women experiencing vaginal dryness due to menopause, estrogen creams, vaginal rings, or hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can help restore moisture and elasticity. 

3. Treat Underlying Infections 

If an infection is causing discomfort, seeking medical treatment is crucial. STIs, yeast infections, and bacterial vaginosis require proper medication. 

4. Strengthen Pelvic Floor Muscles 

Kegel exercises and pelvic floor therapy can help women with vaginismus and pelvic pain by relaxing the vaginal muscles and improving blood flow. 

5. Explore Different Positions 

Some positions may be more comfortable than others. Adjusting angles or trying positions where the woman has control over penetration depth can reduce pain. 

6. Communicate with Your Partner 

Openly discussing pain with your partner can reduce anxiety and improve sexual experience. Being patient and engaging in more foreplay can also help. 

7. Address Emotional & Psychological Factors 

If pain is linked to trauma, anxiety, or stress, therapy or counseling can be beneficial. Sex therapists and pelvic floor specialists can offer personalized guidance. 

8. Consider Medical Procedures (If Necessary) 

In severe cases, medical interventions such as surgery for endometriosis or fibroids may be required. Consulting a gynecologist or urologist can provide more tailored treatment options. 

When to See a Doctor 

If pain during sex is persistent, worsening, or accompanied by symptoms like unusual discharge, bleeding, or fever, it’s important to consult a healthcare provider. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent complications and improve sexual health. 

Final Thoughts 

Pain during sex is not something you have to endure in silence. Understanding the root cause and seeking appropriate solutions can help you regain comfort and confidence in your intimate life. With the right approach—whether medical treatment, lifestyle changes, or open communication—you can restore pleasure and intimacy without discomfort. 

Read More: Know The Truth:6 Lies You Were told About Female Genital Health & UTIS