Folic Acid: The Importance of Folic Acid Before & During Pregnancy

 Author: Egbodo Peter

Folic acid is one of the most essential nutrients for women trying to conceive and those who are already pregnant. It plays a crucial role in the healthy development of the baby and can prevent serious birth defects. Yet, many women are unaware of its significance and when to start taking it. 

In this article, we’ll explore why folic acid is vital, how much you need, and how to incorporate it into your diet for a healthy pregnancy. 

What Is Folic Acid? 

Folic acid is a B-vitamin (B9) that helps the body make new cells and supports DNA production. It is the synthetic form of folate, a naturally occurring nutrient found in foods like leafy greens, beans, and citrus fruits. 

During pregnancy, folic acid is essential for the baby’s brain and spinal cord development and helps prevent serious birth defects known as neural tube defects (NTDs). 

Why Is Folic Acid Important Before & During Pregnancy? 

1. Prevents Neural Tube Defects (NTDs) 

Neural tube defects are severe birth defects that affect the baby’s brain and spine, such as: 

• Spina bifida – Incomplete spinal cord development, leading to mobility issues.

• Anencephaly – A fatal condition where parts of the baby’s brain and skull do not develop.

These defects occur within the first 3-4 weeks of pregnancy, often before a woman even knows she’s pregnant. That’s why taking folic acid before conception is crucial. 

2. Supports Fetal Brain Development 

Folic acid aids in the formation of the baby’s brain and nervous system, reducing the risk of developmental delays. 

3. Reduces the Risk of Pregnancy Complications 

Studies show that folic acid may lower the risk of: 

• Premature birth

• Low birth weight

• Miscarriage

• Preeclampsia (a serious pregnancy complication causing high blood pressure)

4. Supports Red Blood Cell Production 

Folic acid helps prevent anemia by aiding red blood cell production, reducing the risk of maternal fatigue and complications. 

5. Essential for DNA & Cell Growth 

Folic acid plays a vital role in DNA synthesis and cell division, both crucial for fetal growth and development. 

When Should You Start Taking Folic Acid? 

Doctors recommend that women start taking folic acid at least one month before conception and continue throughout pregnancy. Since most pregnancies are unplanned, all women of childbearing age should aim to get enough folic acid daily. 

How Much Folic Acid Do You Need? 

• Before conception & during early pregnancy: 400 mcg (micrograms) per day

• During pregnancy: 600 mcg per day

• If at risk for NTDs (e.g., previous pregnancy with NTDs, diabetes, epilepsy medication use): 4,000 mcg (4 mg) per day (under doctor supervision)

Best Sources of Folic Acid 

1. Prenatal Vitamins & Supplements 

The easiest way to ensure enough folic acid is through prenatal vitamins. Look for ones that contain 400-800 mcg of folic acid. 

2. Folic Acid-Fortified Foods 

Many foods are enriched with folic acid, including: 

• Breakfast cereals

• Rice & pasta

• Bread & flour

3. Natural Food Sources of Folate (The Natural Form of Folic Acid) 

• Dark leafy greens (spinach, kale)

• Citrus fruits (oranges, lemons)

• Beans & lentils

• Avocados

• Eggs

Tip: While folate from food is beneficial, it is not enough for pregnancy needs—this is why supplements are recommended. 

Can You Take Too Much Folic Acid? 

Excess folic acid is generally excreted in urine, making toxicity rare. However, doses above 1,000 mcg daily may mask vitamin B12 deficiency, which can cause nerve damage. Stick to recommended amounts unless advised otherwise by a doctor. 

Final Thoughts 

Folic acid is a must-have for women planning to conceive and those who are pregnant. It plays a vital role in preventing birth defects, supporting brain development, and reducing pregnancy complications. 

To ensure a healthy pregnancy, take a daily folic acid supplement, eat folate-rich foods, and consult your doctor about the right dosage. 

Read More: 3 Ways To Prevent Antibiotics Resistance